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` J. MIHALYI,

TELEMETER. APPLICATION FILED APH. l?, |915.

` Patented June y17, 1919.

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. MI'HALYL TELEMETER. APFLICATIDN FlLED APR. l7|`l=9-\6.

Patented June 17, 1919.

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J. IVIIHLYI.

TELEMETER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 17| |916.

Patented .I une lf, 1919.

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TELEMETER.

APPLICATION FILED APn.'17,|91e.

. MIHALYI TELEMETEB. APPLICATION FILED APII. II. I9Ie.

Patented June 17, 1919.

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HImvmImIfs J. MIHALY!I TELEMETE'R.

APPLICATION FILED APR. l?. 15H5.

Patented J une 17, 1919.

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J.V IVHHALYI. TELEMETER. APPLICATION FILED APR. I1. IeIs.

Patented June 17, 1919.

8 SHEETS-SHEET I Fi@ o i130 J. MIHALYI.

TELEMETERA APPLICATION FILED APR. I?. I`9I6.

lltonted June 1T, 1919.

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wfg@ Afro/MIEI@ JOSEPH IVIIHALYI, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIG-NOR TO CROWN OPTICL COMPANY, OF ROCHESTER, N'EW YORK, A CORPORATION.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH MIHALYI, a

subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, and resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improve# ments in Telemeters, of which the following is a specification. .The present invention relates to telemeters of the base line coincidence type in which two images of an object are presented to a single ocular.

Instruments of this type are based ong-the theory that the instrument represents the base line of a triangular `whose apex is the object viewed, the sides of the triangle being the lines of vision from the two view openings of the instrument. In constructing such an instrument, a point called the iniinity point of theinstrument is selected at a certain distance away, say five thousand yards, and at this point the two images received bythe instrument will lie in coincidence at the ocular. point and the instrument, any object viewed by the instrument will present two images at the ocular and these images will lie out of coincidence in a horizontal direction. The amount which these two images are out of coincidence is inversely proportional to'the range of the object and therefore a measurement of this deflection will give the distance.

, instrument;

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Fig. 4 is an enlarged section on the line Specification of Letters Patent.

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Application inea April 17, 1916. serial no. :$1,656.

c-c, Fig. l, showing'- the manner of supporting the instrument;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged section on the line 1f-d, Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 isa section on the line e-c, Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a section on the line fmf, Figui; Fig. is an enlarged section on the line we Flgl;

Fig. 9 is'a section on the 11ne h-h, Fig.-8; Fig. 10 is a section on the line -J, Fig. 1; Fig. 11 is a section on the line c-s, Fig.- 4; Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view of the optical parts of the instrument;

Fig. 13 is a rear view of the instrumentin the position which it occupies in viewing an object Whose range is to be ascertained; i

Fig. 14 shows the instrument adjusted to bring the images in coincidence;

Fig. 15 is a view showing the position of the images before being brought into coincidence; and

Fig.. 16-'is a view showing the images in coincidence after the instrument has been adjusted for determining the range;

Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic view in plan of the optical system after the latter has been shifted to bring the images into coincidence; and

Figs. 18 and 19 are two diagrams of the two images showing, respectively, the images out of coincidence and in coincidence.

According to this invention, the deection of the nuages is measured by shortening the base line of the triangle, that is, by shifting the two view openings so that the horizontal distance between them is shortened until the images are brought into horizontal coincidence in the eye-piece or ocular. In the illustrated embodiment, the shortening ofthe base -line is e'ected by shifting one view opening about the other as an axis, and provision at the same time being made formaintaining the two images in coincidence in a vertical line due to the shifting of one view opening vertically with relation tothe other.

Referring first to Fig. 12, where the optical parts of the instrument are shown diagrammatically, A indicates the ocular ,orA

. pentagonal prism reflector, the

images from the objectives and presents them tothe ocular or eye-piece and Ea function of which is to receive an image and to transmit the same to the objective B at an angle of 90 degrees to the line on which the image is received.

Rays of light from a distant object strike the reflecting surface e of the prism E and are deflected by the latter to the reflecting surface e2 which directs the rays to the 0bjective B which acts to transpose the image. The latter is then received on a small mirror surface d at an oblique angle to the optical axis of the lens B. This mirror is arranged on one surface of the compound lprism D, and deflects the image to a roof-l shaped portion cl2. This roof-shaped portion has the effect of transposing the right and left halves of the image received from the small mirror d', these halves then being projected downwardly upon another reflector d3. The latter is the focal point of the o'bjective Band the image thereon is in such-a position that it may be seen through the eye-piece or ocular A, and the details of said image will appear in normal relation, as in the actual view toward which the instrument is directed. Without the roof-prism or reflecting surfaces d2, an

object appearing at the left in the actualscene wouldI bey visible at the right in the eye-piece A, and vice versa.

The other image of the distant object is received by the objective C which, after invertin the image, directs it upon the roofshape portion d2 of the coincidence prism, the center portion of the rays being out out by the reflecting surface d the non-reflecting side of which is presented to the objective seat. This second image presented to the roof-shaped portion d2 is reflected onto the reflecting surface d4 which, in turn, directs such image to the reflecting surface d5, both of said reflecting surfaces preferably forming a part of the coincidence prism. From the reflectingV surface al, this image is received by the eye-piece or ocular A. The focal point of the objective C is also located at the mirror or deector da.

It will be understood that the two halves inner circle 114 (Figs. 15 andil) beingl formed by the/rays' from B, while the other ring 113 is composed of the rays from the.

lens: C.

Any suitable mounting for the optical parts may be employed. In the present instance, an outer casing is employed comprising two legs one of which is formed by a section 1 which carries the eye-piece A, the latter preferably being' mounted within an externally-threaded sleeve 2 which carries the cap-piece 3 and is mounted to turn within an internally-threaded sleeve 4 secured to the casing 1 for the purpose of giving the focusing adjustment,- a ring 5 being carried with the eye-piece to determine such adjustment. To the section l a tu'bular casing section 6 is connected, and at the end of this section 6 a head section 7 is provided in which the pentagonal prism reflector E is mounted, the head section having one of the view-openings 8 closed by a glass which protects the interior of the casing against dust. An annular cushion 9 is arranged at the end of the head section 7, and also at the end of the section l, to project beyond both of the latter to protect these portions of the instrument against blows.

Any suitable means may beemployed for securlng the prism E in place, but, in this instance, an annular member 10 is arranged within the head and carries the rigid abutment 11 against which one side of the prism E engages, being held there-against by a plate 12 which is detachably secured by screws 13 to posts 14 which project from the rigid support 11. Bolts 15 secure the annular member 10 within the casing concentric with the optical axis of the objective B.

An inner tube 17 is arranged within the outer casing and su ports the coincidence prism D and the objective B. This inner tube is preferably supported on two pins 16 which engage the inner tube 17 at diametrically opposite sides and project inwardly from a tubular extension 18 on the casing member 1.' At the opposite end of the casing member 17 an opening 181 is provided having a cylindrical wall lengaged by a spherical portion 19 projecting from a par-l tition 20 within the casing member 1. By reason of the separated supporting pins 1.6 and the spherical support 19, the inner tube 17 may be held within th'e casing without any binding action.

The manner of securing the objective B to its sup-porting tube forms oneof the features of this invention and can be embodied i1 other. forms of optical instruments. The lens elements of the objective B are arranged within an inner sleeve or tube 21, being held against an internal shoulder 22 on said tube by a resilient ring 23'which is pressed toward the Vlens element by an externallythreaded ring 24 engaging internal threads onsaid inner tube or sleeve 21. The exterior of this inner tube'or sleeve is smooth and is engaged by the smooth inner wall of an outer sleeve 25 which is held |between an external shoulder 26 on the sleeve 2l and a ring 28 may be held to the sleeve.

shoulder 27 formed on a ring 28.. The ring l 28has two diameters, the smaller of which is externally-threaded and engages the internal' threads of the sleeve 21 so that rlte e larger diameter of the ring 28 may be provided with a guide 29 in the form of a slot which receives a pin 30 projecting into the interior of the casing tube 17 after external threads on the outer sleeve 25 have been engaged with internalV threads at the end of the casing tube 17. A locking ring 31 holds the outer sleeve 25 against adjustment in the casing tube 17. rIlhis mounting of the objective enables all parts thereof to be finished and assembled before being applied to the casing tube 17 asthe fine fitting walls are formed on the inner sleeve and the adjusting sleeve.

The coincidence prism is preferably formedby three pieces of glass, y, and a.

The piece a: carries the roof-shaped reflector d2; the piece y is of triangular formand is secured to the piece with the mirror or reflector d between them; and the piece .a is in the form of a trapezoid with its angularly arranged sides provided with the refleeting surfaces d* and d5, the longerside being secured to that face of the piece a to which the piece y is secured, the reflector d3 being arranged between them.

Any suitable mounting may be employed for the coincidence prism. In this instance, a supporting member 3 2 conforms tothe inner wall of the casing tube17 and is secured in place by a screw 33. On this member, two guide strips 34 are secured between which is arranged a plate 35 which is secured to the supporting member 32 by screws 36. The plate 35 carries a guide 37 at right angles to the guides 34 vfor abutment by one of the side plates 38 of the coincidence prism. The other side plate 39 of the coincidence prism is secured by bolts 40 which extend about the coincidence prism through the side plate 37 'and are anchored in the plate 35.

The objective C is mounted within the casing legwhich extends laterally with reference to the main casing leg. This laterally extending leg vcomprises 'preferably a section'41 which has a flanged portion 42 at one end shouldered to enter a flanged portion43 on the casing section 1, to provide a chamber 44v between them surrounding the optical axis of the objective C between the latter and the coincidence prism D for mounting the indicating devices, as will behereinafter set forth. A section 45 is secured to the section 41 and provides an enlarged chamber in which the objective C ismounted, the end of `this chamber having the second view opening closed by a glass plate 46 to exclude dust from the interior of the instrument. An annular cushion 47 is arranged on the end of this section 45 about the view opening and projects beyond the sides of the casing member 45, and a cover 47a is arranged to close the view opening 46. For mounting the objective C an externally-threaded tube 48 may be provided en- 70 gaged within the section 41 and projecting into the section 45, a locking ring 49 holding this tube in its adjusted position. On the portion of this tube which projects into the casing member 45'La weight 50 is jour- 75 naled at 51, said weight being in the form of a segment of a circle and carrying a guide rin 52 formed with guides 53 at diametrical y opposite points on opposite sides of the opening throughl the tube or sleeve 48. Co- 80 operating with these guides are guide members 54 arranged upon the objective ring or mounting 55 in which the objective C is mounted. Arranged about the objective ring 55 on the main casing is a cam surface 85 56 which is eccentric to the axis of the objective C. This cam surface is formed on a ring 57 pivotally supported at 58 on a segmental piece 59 in order to be readily adjustable. j The adjusting means may com- 90 prise a screw 60 having a ball end 61 engagl ing in a socket in thering 57 and having an end 62 extending to the exterior of the casing through an opening 63 preferably closed by a-cover plate'- 64. The lens or objective 95 sleeve 55 carries a device for c operating with this eccentric cam surface during the turning of the latter, said device preferably being in the form of a ball 65 on one end of a lever 66 which is pivoted at 67 to the lens 100 or objective sleeve 55. A screw 68 having an -operating portion 69 has a ball end 70 for engaging in a socket 71 on the objective sleeve 55. By this means, the relation of the cam-engaging ball to the objective may 105 beV varied. An opening 72 closed by a cover 73a is formed in the casing extension 45 in order lthat the adjusting screw 68 may be reached from the exterior of the instrument. The purpose of this mechanism is to move the objective C automatically transversely of its axis, as the horizontal distance between the two view-openings is decreased thereby bringing the two images into vertical coincidence.

With the end in view of permitting the rotating of the view opening 8 about the optical axis of the View opening 46 in order to shorten the horizontal distance between the two view openin s, there is provided a support having a tu ular portion 73 surrounding the casing. portion 41, as shown in Fig. 4. The casing member 41 may have a worm thread 7 4 formed on its exterior for engagement by a worm 75 on the support. This 125 worm may be moved into and out o f engagement with the worm thread 74 and,to this end, is rockingly supported by a ball 76 arranged within a bearing 77, the end of the worm having a thumb wheel 78 thereon by 130 exterior of the support having a cam arm 81 on the interior ofthe support engaging the bearing member 82 in whcih the worm turns, said bearing memberbeing movable on guides 83. The finger piece 80 provides means whereby a rough adjustment may be quickly secured, while the thumb wheel 78 provides for the fine adjustmentof the instrument.

To provide for the connection and disconnection of the instrument with a suitable base, the support 73 (see Figs. 4 and 7) carries a projection 84 adapted to lit in a socket .85a of the base 85, the projection having a notch 86 in one side thereof for receiving a spring-pressed bolt 87 to lock the projection against withdrawal. This bolt 87 is guided in a tube 88 which is mounted to rock laterally in order that the bolt 87 may move out of the path of theprojection 84. A springpressed plunger 89 acts on the guide tube 88 normally to hold the latter against lateral movement. The lower end of the projection 84 W'ill, when the projection is inserted, engage the bolt 87 and shift the latter with the guide tube 88 side-wise against the action of the spring-pressed plunger 89, the plunger 87 and the guide 88 returning to normal positions upon the complete insertion of the projection 84, by entering the notch 86. The removal of the projection from the socket 85 is eected by pushing inwardlyon the plunger 87 until the notch 90 thereof coincides with the projection 84.

' With the end in view of leveling the instrument, the base is provided with leveling means preferably in the form of a socket portion 91' receiving a cylindrical portion 92 so that the socket portion may turn about a horizontal axis on the cylindrical portion.

The ,cylindrical portion has its periphery formed with work teeth 93 to be engaged by a worm 94 on the socket portion, said worm having a thumb wheel 95 vby which the leveling is effected. A dust excluding plate 96 is carried with the cylindrical portlon 92 to exclude the entrance of dust between the cylindrical portion 92 and the socket portion.

The turning of the instrument about a vertical axis may be efected by the provision of a cylindrical socket in the cylindrical portion 92 to receive a vertical cylindrical bearing 97, a nut 98 engaging the upper end of the bearing 97 to hold it in its socket. The member 92 lis held against turning on the bearing 97 preferably by a wedge 99 arranged in a tapered chamber in the side of the socket and engaged at one end by a second wedge 100 which is controlled by a screw 101 extended to the exterior of the inbearing 97 has the legs 103 pivotally connected thereto at 104.

The amount of movement of the view opening 8 about the axis of the view opening 46 is read off on an indicating means which is preferably in the form of a curved scale 105 supported by a frame 106 to turn upon an annular bearing 110a coincident with the axis of turning of the view opening 8. This scale has aweight 107 carried thereby to maintain the scale in a certain position notwithstanding'the turning of the view opening 8. Preferably this weight is pivoted at 108 to the frame 106 and an adjusting device 109 is secured to the swinging end of the weight so that any inaccuracy in the reading of the instrument may be corrected. For viewing this scale, a small objective lens 110 is supported on the tubular casing '17 and is optically connected with the eye-piece Aby a reflecting surface 111 formed on a prism extension 112 on the coincidence prism, the center portion of the reflector or mirror d5 being cut away at d to expose the reflecting surface 111. h

In using the instrument, the latter is positioned as shown in Fig. 13, and the objective C is directed upon the object whose range is to be ascertained. The imao'e of the object will appear in an annular field 113 with the center portion of the object cut out for the reception of the image recived by the objective B.

The latter image will appear in the circle 114, which is concentric with the circle or field 113 in any position ofthe instrument. When the arm 6 is horizontal, the details of that portion of the image which appear in the circle 114 are not coincident with the corresponding details of the object in the ring 113, due to the horizontal differential of the two objective apertures 8 and 46. In order to make the image appear correctly, or to 115 bring the two fields of differing details into coincidence, the arm 6 is swung upwardly, as shown in Fig. 14. This action, if the lens C were rigidly supported in the tube 48, would cause the image projected by the lens 120 B to travel in the arc of a circle upwardly and over the image projected by the lens C. The engagement ofthe ball (S5/on the objective C with the cam member 56, however, Y progressively. rectifies this circular move- 125 ment of the image and changes it to a horizontal movement, so that there is no vrelative motion of the images in the circles 113 and 114 in a vertical direction. One image is seen in the eyepiece to movehorizontally as 13o the ar-m 6 is swung upwardly, and when the' observer sees the two images appear correctly as one (Fig. 16) the range has been secured, and the distance may then be read in yards or meters, as the case may be, in the, circle 115, which receives the rays from the surface 111. The scale 105, of course, is stationary, andthe lens 110 swings along the scale in its movement 'with the arm 6.

-In Fig. 17 adiagraminatic view of the system is shown in plan after the instrument has been turned to bring the images from the position shown in Fig. 18 lwhere they are out of coincidence, as shown by the arrows, to the position shown in Fig. 19 where the images are in coincidence.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that there has been provided a coincidence telemeter in which the base line of the triangle second named view openingI in a vertical direction So as to bring the two images into coincidence in order to overcome the deiec? tion produced by the location of the View openings in diiierenrt horizontal planes. The correction for this deflection in this instance is secured by `shifting slightly the objective of the lowermost view opening, but it is apparent that the invention is not limited to this arrangement.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. base line coincidence telemeter having two view openings, and an objective associated with each opening, said telemeter also having provision for varying the horizontal distance between the two view openings without varying the actual distanceV between the view openings, and means for indicating the range of lan object from such variation.

2. A base line coincidence telemeter hav.- ing two view openings, and an objective associated with each opening, said telemeter also having one of its view openings shiftable to vary the horizontal distance between the two view openings without varying the actual distance between the openings, and means for indicating the range of an object from such shifting of the view opening.

3. A base line coincidence telemeter having two view openings, and an objective associated with each opening, said telemeter also having one of its view o enings rotatable about the other on a horizontal axis to vary the horizontal distance between the ble about the other on a horizontal-axis tov vary the horizontal distance between the two view openings in order to bring the two images into coincidence in a horizontal direction, and means for shifting vertically the image received by the non-swinging View opening to correspond with the vertical shifting of the image received by the swinging view opening.

5. A base line telemeter having two objectives arranged at right angles to each other, a coincidence prism associated with both objectives, and a pentagonal prism reliector associated with one of said objectives, said prism reflector being movable to vary Vthe horizontal distance between it and the -other objective, and means for indicating the range of an object from such variation.

6. A'base line coincidence telemeter having two objectives arranged at right angles to each other, a coincidence prism associated with said objectives, a pentagonal prism re- Hector associated with one of said objectives, said prism and its objective being rotatable about the other objective as an axis to vary the horizontal distance between the l prism and the other objective, and means for indicating the range of an object from such variation. j i

7. A base line coincidence telemeter having two objectives arranged at right angles to each other. a pentagonal prism reflector associated with one of said objectives, said prism and its objective being rotatable about the other objective as an axis to bring the images into horizontal coincidence, and means for automatically shifting the lastnamed objective in its plane to bring the images into vertical coincidence.

8. A base line coincidence telemeter comprising a casing having two arms at right angles to each other, means for supporting one of said arms for rotation about an axis in the direction of its length, two objectives one arranged in each ofsaid arms with its axis extending in the direction of its arm, a coincidence prism associated with both objectives, a pentagonal prism reiiector .arranged nin the outer end of the swinging arm, and means for indicating the range of an object from the variation of the horizontal distance between the prism and the other objective.

9. A base linejcoincidence telemeter comprising a casing having two arms at rightv was en@ arranged in each et said. arms with its axis extending in the direction of its arm, a pentagonal prism reflector arranged in the swinging arm, and a weighted indicator pivota ly supported on an axis coincident with the axis of turning of the casing for indicating the range of an object from the swinging of the casing.

10. .A base line coincidence telemeter having two objectives arranged at right angles to each other, a pentagonal prism reflector associated with one of 'said objectives, said prism and its objective being rotatable about the other objective as an axis, and means for automatically shifting the last named objective in its plane comprising a weighted guide mounted to turn about an axis coincident with the axis of turning of the prism and its objective, a support for the other objective mounted on said guide, an eccentric cam, and a device carried by the objective mounting and coperating with said cam to eect the shifting of the objective mounting on the weighted guide with the turnin of the prism and its objective.

11. base line coincidence telemeter havlng one of its view openings shifta'ble to vary the horizontal distance between the two view openings in order to bring the images into horizontal coincidence, and a weighted indicator pivotally supported on an axis coincident with the turning axis of the shifta'ble view openingl l 12. A. base line Itelemeter having a coincidence prism and an indicating means optically connected with said coincidence prism and visible therethrough.

13. A base line telemeter having a coincidence prism provided with means for associating two images in concentric fields'of similar form, the center field having its central portion cut away to conform 0o the shape of said field, and indicating means separatefrom said coincidence prism, viewable through the cut away portion of the central field.

14. A base line telemeter having a coincidence prism for associating two images in adjacent fields and provided with means for cutting outa portion of one of said fields, indicating means for indicating the range of an object, and an objective arranged between said indicating means and the coincidence prism vto produce an image in the cut-out portion of the field.

15. @coincidence prism for a telemeter comprising a part having a roof-shaped rev flector, inclined ends and-a flat bottom face,

a right angle triangular shaped part Secured to the flat bottom face of the first walls provided with reflecting surfaces, and' two refiecting surfaces arranged between the first named parts and the other two parts and facing the roof-shaped refiector.

17. A coincidence prism for telemeters comprising a part having a roof-shaped reflector, inclined ends and a flat bottom face, a right angle triangular shaped part secured to the flat bottom face of the first named part, a trapezoid part also secured to the flat bottom face of the first named .part and having its angularly arranged side walls provided With refiecting surfaces and two reflecting surfaces arranged 'between the first named parts'and the other two parts and facing the roof-shaped reiector, that reflecting surface between the rhomboid piece andthe piece with the roof-shaped reflector having the central portion removed, and a reflector arranged on one side of the rhomboid piece.

18. In a base line telemeter, the combination with an ocular and two objectives arranged at ,right an les to each other, of a coincidence prism igormed of three pieces, one a roof-'shaped piece with'deectors on the roof portion thereof, said piece having inclined end-s at right angles to each other and a fiat bottom, oneof said ends being associated with one of the objectives and the other of said ends coperating with the ocular, the flat bottom being provided with two reflecting surfaces whereby an image from 'and a trapezoid shaped piece having its angularly arranged sides provided with reflectors receiving the image from the said other reflector by wayV of the roof portion and directing it to the ocular. l

JOSEPH MHALYI. 

